BIO 152 Exam 2 Study sheet.

Chapter 6

Give a simple definition of potential and kinetic energy

Explain how the flow of energy in a living system obeys the laws of thermodynamics

Identify, given information about the potential energy of products and reactants, whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic

Explain how transfer of phosphate groups changes the potential energy of products and reactants

Define what energy coupled reactions are.

Be able to label an energy diagram of a reaction (like Fig 6.13)

Explain the effect that enzymes have on energy of activation and rates of reactions

Be able to list the major characteristics of a biological enzyme: substrate specificity, induced fit, lowering activation energy.

Define active site

Explain the relationship between shape and specificity of an enzyme

Define vitamins as coenzymes (cofactors) for enzymes, and tell what a cofactor does

Explain how an inhibitor can block enzyme activity

Explain what is meant by the following terms:

Allosteric regulation, feedback inhibition, cooperativity

Chapter 7:

List the three points of cell theory See the Studying Cells Tutorial at The Biology Project

Be able to explain the two reasons cell sizes tend to be small.

Describe the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

By looking at a picture, describe a cell as eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Describe the structure and function of : cytoskeleton, nuclear envelope, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, peroxisomes,

lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and vacuoles

Describe the structure and functions of each of the cell structures depicted in Figures 7.7 and 7.8

You will not yet be responsible for the Cytoskeleton (pp. 126-134.)

Chapter 8, pp. 138-143

Describe the fluid mosaic model of membranes

List functions of membranes

Describe the effects of different phospholipid structures on membrane fluidity

Explain the roles played by each of the structures depicted in the fluid mosaic model in figure 8.6